Bm pryor dipee, ceng, fiee, in electrical engineers reference book sixteenth edition, 2003. Guide to construction of artu switchgear technical guide. Specific models of switchgear apparatus are not described in detail because of the large variety of models available. Because for the high voltage, the building work will unnecessarily increase the installation cost owing to large spacing between the conductor and large size of insulators. At present, the uhv switchgears available include ais, gis, and hgis. The iec 62271200 standard defines the performance of medium voltage switchgears must provide by introducing the loss of service continuity concept lsc. Switchgear is the essential element for power protection in power generating stations and grid stations. Switchgears for medium voltage applications are rated in between 3. Eatons vfi underground distribution switchgear provides a simple, economical approach to protective requirements for 5, 15, 25, and 35 kv underground systems. Medium voltage switchgear partition classes according to iec.
The construction of qbn7 switchgear is internal arc resistant in accordance with iec 62271200, pm type, a flr accessibility, for the protection of personnel and. Switchgear and protective devices 310 modulei 10 hours protective devices. Cont medium voltage switchgears this type of switchgears is mainly used for the distribution of electrical energy, connected to various electrical networks. Power engineers must know the basics of switchgear. Inside, all terminations are covered with insulating rubber that is grounded.
Compliance with the latest international and local. Edmonton 423493 street t6e 5p5 phone 7804625729 fax 7804370248. They all do essentially the same thing, which is to show you how circuits are wired. Instrument transformer instrument transformers convert the currents and voltages of the h. Profile safvolt switchgears private limited, coimbatore. Abb delivers state of the art technologies to italys most innovative data center. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. High voltage switchgear operation, maintenance course.
The switchgear is mainly classified into two types, the outdoors type and the indoor type. The term switchgear is a generic term that includes a wide range of switching devices like circuit breakers, switches, switch fuse units, offload isolators, hrc fuses, contactors, miniature circuit breakers, elcbs, gfcis etc. Types of switchgears showing all 10 results default sorting sort by popularity sort by average rating sort by latest sort by price. Handbook of switchgears mcgrawhill handbooks by bharat heavy electricals limited and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. Assembly of such devices in a logical manner forms switchgear. Types include power distribution pad mount and lowresistant switchgears. Selected rooms are far from groundwater and flooding. Phase comparatorphasing sticks live tester used to test that circuits are in phase with each other. Loss of service continuity lsc categories in medium voltage. Mechanical positive interlock this interlock mechanically couples the breaker so that the racking mechanism can only.
Loss of service continuity lsc categories in medium. A wide variety of switchgear type test options are available to you, such as electronic. First edition 2003 second edition 2004 third edition 2005 fourth edition 2006 fifth edition 2007 sixth edition 2010 published by abb sace via baioni, 35 24123 bergamo italy. Ee6702 protection and switchgear ps syllabus unit i protection schemes principles and need for protective schemes nature and causes of faults types of faults fault current calculation using symmetrical components methods of neutral grounding zones of protection and essential qualities of protection protection schemes.
Switchgears can be classified on the basis of voltage level into the following 1. Three phase encapsulated type sf6 gas insulated switchgear. This type of lowvoltage switchgears is designed for input and distribution of electric power and for electric motors control. Switchgears, circuit interrupters, substation circuit breakers, and walkin enclosures 16 meters and disconnects 18 motor control centers and variable frequency drives 20 multimedia racks 22 transformers 24 uninterruptable power supplies and battery racks 26 unit heaters and tanks 28. Circuit breakers are classified into a number of types, based on different categories. Federal and state legislation has been introduced to reduce the output of carbon emissions into the environment. In doing so it must also provide for the safe operation of connected items of plant and limit the. The deadfront construction of vfi switchgear improves safety for utility personnel and the general public. Type and individual tests are also prescribed, as well as the methods for carrying them out and assessment criteria for the results. In this relay, first alternating flux produces eddy currents in aluminium disk. Air insulated gas insulated liquid insulated lsc iac ip ur ir ik 2bpm aflr 4x up to 40. Selection of partition class does not necessarily ensure personnel protection in the case of an internal arc in an adjacent compartment. Different types of circuit breakers studyelectrical. Pdf ch 16 introduction to switchgear andebo hillary academia.
Types of lighting systems installation methods power monitoring systems electric utility requirements trends in systems design there are many new factors to consider in the design of power distribution systems. Easy access for operation, transport and firefighting services walls, ceilings and floors must be dry in, over and under the rooms containing switchgear, the piping for liquids, steam and combustible gases should be avoided room dimensions must be appropriate to the nature, size and arrangement of equipment. Type ii under short circuit conditions, the contactor or starter shall cause no danger to persons or installation and shall be suitable for further use. Uvru switchgears are assembled in metal cabinets panels equipped with a chassis for electric equipment. Mar 22, 2017 switchgears can be classified on the basis of voltage level into the following 1. The switchgear rated between 1 kv to 35 kv is termed as medium voltage switchgear. Know the methods of system earthing and protection requirements. Switchboards, and switchgears 14 medium to high voltage. Know about different types of transformers and its uses transformer one of the oldest innovations in electrical engineering. A onestop guide to esigning, operating, and protecting switchgears for electrical distribution systems.
In this article, we will learn the different types of circuit breakers, their working, uses, and ratings. Importance of efficient operations of the various types of circuit breakers and switchgears incorporating modern testing instruments. A switchgear may be a simple openair isolator switch or it may be insulated by some other substance. Government efforts to develop power related infrastructure to ensure 100% electrification rate in the rural region of vietnam under the national power development plan vii 20112020 along with the strengthening of urban infrastructure including housing and transportation would increase the demand for switchgears in the country. Inspection, testing and commissioning of electrical.
Specification for high voltage switchgear specifications page 2 of 12 rev. Other common types are oil or vacuum insulated switchgear. Different types of relays used in protection system and. Equipment constructed in series tta, totally conforming to the prototype which has undergone all the foreseen type tests.
To determine which of these features are associated with a piece of equipment, the operating instruction of that equipment should be referenced. Switchgear and protective devices 2015 5 p a g e modulei lesson plan 1. Because of the variety of types, ratings and possible combinations of components, it is not practicable to make type tests with all the arrangements of metalenclosed switchgear and controlgear. The power system deals with voltage above 36kv, is referred as high voltage switchgear. High voltage circuit breaker, is the main component of hv switchgear, hence high voltage circuit breaker should have. Motor protection concepts and type 2 coordination charts. Besides the power system networks, electrical switchgears are also required in industrial works, industrial projects, domestic and commercial buildings. Switchgear free download as powerpoint presentation. Switchgear units range from the small, moldedcase circuit breakers in a household panel board to the huge, air break switches on 750kv transmission lines. Shortcircuit protection is provided either by type am fuses or by a circuitbreaker from which the thermal overload protective element has been removed, or otherwise made inoperative.
Vacuum circuit breaker can be truck type or cassette type as required. Depending on the operating principle and structural features relays are of different types such as electromagnetic relays, thermal relays, power varied relays, multidimensional relays, and so on, with varied ratings, sizes and applications. Electrical switchgear, what are its functions and features. This switchgears market study offers a comprehensive analysis of the business models, key strategies, and respective market shares of some of the most prominent players in this landscape. Switchgear power systems can vary, depending on several factors, such as power need, location of system and. Switchgear is used to provide supplies to major items of plant such as motors, arc furnaces, reactors, capacitors or other machinery as well as supplies to commercial, industrial and domestic consumers. Instruction sheet ms28 maintenance of electrical switchgear tl4. Assemblies of switchgear and control panels on photo skema lv switchgears there are a few common types of assemblies that cover almost any application. Medium voltage metal enclosed switchgear providing continuous metallic partitions andor. The apparatus used for switching, controlling and protecting the electrical circuits and equipment is known as switchgear.
From 3 kv to 36 kv switchgear system is categorized as medium voltage switchgear or mv switchgear. Different types and classifications of switchgear power. Electrical installation handbook protection, control and. For voltage above 66kv, the output switchgear is used. An effective although more costly form of switchgear is the gasinsulated switchgear gis, where the conductors and contacts are insulated by pressurized sulfur hexafluoride gas sf 6.
Reference should be made to the specific electrical schematic and connection diagram referenced on the breaker nameplate, to determine the electrical relationship between the various devices. Sep 17, 20 electromagnetic attraction type relay 5. A transformer is an electrical device that can be used to transfer the power from one circuit and another circuit without physical contact and without changing its characteristics like frequency, phase. A current transformer ct is used for measurement of electric currents. As the voltage level is high the arcing produced during switching operation is also very high. The main requirement of mv power network is to interrupt current during faulty condition irrespective of what type of cb is used in the mv switchgear system.
Relay and switchgear protection linkedin slideshare. Course description intcbls03 applicable iec standard. Abb ability digital switchgear solution ensures reliable power in helsinkis smart city district. Different types and classifications of switchgear power systems. Klm technology group specification for high voltage. Energy systems with highreliability products and solutions, we will continually contribute to realizing a sustainable society for a brighter future. The high voltage switchgears range from 66 kv to 800 kv. The handbook of switchgears offers electrical power engineers and technicians an authoritative guide to the basic design, operation, and protection of switchgears, including circuit breakers, transformers, relays, switches, and fuses containing contributions by 22 experts from bharat. Indoor medium voltage switchgear room some installations. Established in the year 2005, we, max switchgears private limited, are one of the leading manufacturer, supplier and exporter of a wide range of electrical products.
Fundamentals of electrical substations and switchgear. Studies show that the most likely occurrence of an arc fault is when the circuit breaker element is changing position or when closing the circuit breaker after a down time event. This fuse consists of a short circuit strip, soldered joint and spring connection. Siemens type gm38 38 kv metalclad power switchgear assemblies with horizontal drawout type 383ah3 vacuum circuit breakers take advantage of the latest. Switchgears may have different types of insulations as follows. The second alternating flux interact with these eddy currents and thus produces torque. General the type tests shall be made on representative functional units. The 4 most common switchgearbased substation types eep. Here is a description of uvru series products nomenclature. The chief advantages of this type of arrangement are low initial cost, less. Relay classification, principle of different types of electromagnetic relay.
The type of switchgears is also a main factor to determine the layout of the substation. Technical guide guide to construction of artu switchgear. Learn the fundamentals of medium voltage switchgear. The subject of this article is to discuss few most common types of mvhv power substations based on the type of distribution switchgear, which can be seen in every distribution network. It establishes four main categories defining the extent to which other compartments andor functional units may remain energized when an accessible high voltage compartment is opened. Power conducting components, such as switches, circuit breakers, fuses, and lightning arrestors, that conduct or interrupt the flow of electrical power.
Components for medium voltage switchgear schneider electric. Switchgears market global industry analysis, size and. Philosophy of protection, nature, causes and consequences of faults, zone of protection, requirements of a protective scheme, basic terminology components of protection scheme. They may metal enclosed indoor type, metal enclosed outdoor type, outdoor type without metal enclosure, etc. The interruption medium of this switchgear may be oil, sf and vacuum. Be able to control circuit breakers with associated relaying systems. It also includes all devices associated with control, metering and regulating of electrical power systems. Chapter 1 of the report analyzes the global switchgear market, and it covers the following. A phase comparator should be used for phase comparison and not voltage detection. There are several different types of electrical wiring diagrams. Switchgear selection and application guide siemens download. In other words systems used for switching, controlling and protecting the electrical power. A basic function of switchgear power systems is protection of short circuits and overload fault currents while simultaneously providing service continuously to unaffected circuits while avoiding the creation of an electrical hazard.
Nov 04, 2019 there are mainly three types of circuit breaker, as we said earlier, used in high voltage switchgear system i. Manufactured using precision engineered components, these products deliver consistent performance and have low maintenance cost. The main topics discussed in the following sections are, types of motor starting selection of protection devices for motor feeders and type 2 coordination coordination for energy efficient motors. These live testers are manufactured in two different types s and l. So, special care is to be taken during the designing of high voltage switchgear. Electromagnetic induction principle the relay operating on this principle can be used for a.
Switchgear power systems can vary, depending on several factors, such as power need, location of system and necessary security. Be able to detect circuit breakers troubleshooting. Pdf ee6702 protection and switchgear ps books, lecture. Power conducting components, such as switches, circuit breakers, fuses, and lightning arrestors, that. The risk of contact welding is recognized, in which case the manufacturer shall indicate the measures to be taken in regards to equipment maintenance. As the modern power system deals with huge currents, the special attention should be given during designing of the circuit breaker to safe interruption. Ms28 handbook maintenance of electrical switchgear tl4. They are generally divided into the four groups of disconnect or isolator switches, load break switches, circuit breakers, and contactors. There are many different types and classifications of switchgear power systems to meet a variety of different needs.
The cable throughout type current transformer is preferably used for cable feeder unit, in order to construct the switchgear more compact and economical. Pdf pdf of switchgear and protection pdf of switchgear and. Suitable for smaller footprint and field assembly inside tight vaults. Medium and high voltages switchgears are the integral component of any electrical distribution system. Table 1 major differences between switchgear types as per iec 60298. Iec 622711, details type tests, general 1 clause 6. Ksato series industrial facilities complex automation system lowvoltage switchgears designed to operate currents up to 4000 a uvru this type of lowvoltage switchgears is designed for input and distribution of electric power and for electric motors control. The apparatus used for controlling, regulating and switching on or off the electrical circuit in the electrical power system is known as switchgear. Types of switchgears archives taliran engineering company.
Therefore various types of switchgear assembly are required depending upon different voltage levels of the system. We will also study the various applications of switchgear in the later part of this chapter. A broad classification according to the location of the switchgear assemblies is whether the gear is installed indoor or outdoor. Along with an indepth commentary on the key influencing factors, market statistics in terms of revenues, segmentwise data, regionwise data, and country. However, the variation in these diagrams shows how circuits are mapped out in different ways to accomplish different ends. The switchgear rated upto 1 kv is termed as low voltage switchgear. There are a number of methods of construction of substations depending on. Abbs ecoefficient airplus technology delivered to norwegian smart grid. Abb unveils abb ability digital switchgear for secondary distribution networks. Different types of transformers and their applications. Protection cover for all types of position indicator english pdf leaflet gasinsulated switchgear enk, 72. The standard requires the switchgear to be constructed in reference to a wellidentified pro.